OSTEOPATHIC TREATMENT IN 
THE HYPNOTIC STATE; 

OR, 

Suggestion -Massage 

The Cure for Incurables 



most Ulonderrul Crcatmcnt of tU flge* 



BY ^ 

PROF. THOMAS BASSETT KEYES, M. D. 

OF CHICAGO 

Formerly Professor in the Harvey Medical College, etc. Formerly President American 
Psychological, Medical and Surgical Society. Fellow of the American Associa- 
tion of Physicians and Surgeons, and Chairman of its Section of Psycho- 
logical Medicine and Surgejy. Member of the Medico-Legal Society 
of New York, and one of the Vice-Chairmen of its Legal and 
Scientific Section. Member of the American Association 
for the Study and Cure of Inebriates, etc., etc. 




SURGERY, MEDICINE AND PSYCHOLOGY 
Publishers.. .CHICAGO 



tlitity of CoaeMtfc 
Office or the 

Register of Copyrrgliffc 



/ 




53770 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1899, 

BY THOS. BASSETT KEYES, M. D., 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



«£COND COPY* 



CONTENTS, 



ARTICLE I. 

Osteopathy — ^Method to Produce Labor Pains — ^Method of Ren- 
dering Cliild-birth Painless — Anatomical Illustrations — En- 
larged Prostate. 

ARTICLE II. 

Z\Iy Easy ^lethod of Hypnotization. Explained — ^vlethods to 
Awaken. 

ARTICLE III. 

Suggestion }>Iassage the Cure for Incurables, or Osteopathic 
Treatment in the Hypnotic State — Known and Practiced 
Among the Chinese 3.000 Years B. C. — Cong Fou of Tao 
Ssc — The Realm of Creative Power — Its Physiology — Blis- 
tering by Suggestion — 'iMassage Proper — The Grips — 
Among the Sandwich Islanders — Back Stroking — Head 
Mbration — Cure of Asthma — Stammering — Electricity and 
\"\*ater as an Aid to the Production of ^lassage — ]\Iedico- 
Gymnastics — iMovements — Hot Air — ^lusic. Especially in 
the Production of Auto-massage, and as an Aid to the Osteo- 
pathic Treatment — Phenomena Produced by i\Iusic — The 
Key to be Selected — The Application of Suggestion ^las- 
sage to the Cure of all Diseases — Altections of the Eyes 
Cured — Deafness Cured — Headache — Diseases of the Diges- 
tive System — Of the Liver — Constipation — Hemorrhoids — 
Affections of the Bladder — Bedwetting. etc. — To Increase or 
Diminish the Secretion of ]\Iilk in iMothers — Diseases of the 
Heart. 

ARTICLE IV. 

A Certain Cure for Consumption — Due to En-nerv::tion of the 
Pneumogastric Xerve — Keyes" Treatment of Tuberculosis 
and Its Effects L'pon the Blood Count. 

3 



ARTICLE V. 

The Feeble-minded and Idiotic, Music and Suggestion as a 
]\Ieans of Education and Physiological Training. 

ARTICLE VI. 
The Treatment of Cancer. 



WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 



OSTEOPATHY. 

Osteopathy is the science of treating diseases by manipulat- 
ing different parts of the body, particularly the nerves of the 
body ; and the effects wished for, or those which the osteopath 
wishes to produce, are often accomplished by manipulating a part 
distant from the disease, depending for results upon the reflex 
or sympathetic correspondence which certain nerves have when 
manipulated, this action being transmitted to a different part of 
the body. 

Osteo-pathy is said to come from two Greek words, 
"osteon" signifying bone and "pathos" pain. While osteopathy is 
a new name, it was largely practiced in ancient China and during 
the period from three to four thousand years before Christ it 
constituted the most valuable part of the whole system of the 
healing art. In the most ancient books of China it was under- 
stood that labor could be controlled as to pains by pressing on 
the pubes, just on each side of the clitoris. This fact I have 
known and practiced for many years, and I find that by pressure 
on these parts you may concentrate and make good strong and 
long expulsion pains of the uterus, and at the same time the os 
will be more readily dilated. By pressure over the second sacral 
foramen, just on the nerves as they emerge from their bony 
openings, you will cause the perineum and soft parts of the vagina 
to dilate, thus not only rendering labor less painful, but at the 
same time you may terminate a labor which would usually last 
twenty-four hours, in from two to four hours. In this way I have 
terminated labor which has lasted two and three days, and where 
I had been called to apply forceps as a consultant to some physi- 
cian, and by knowing these manipulations have surprised the 
physician and his patient by a rapid delivery, due to concentrat- 
ing the pains, and relaxing the parts by the above manipulations. 
In the same way, mind you, the afterbirth can be most readily 
expressed. 

j\lany cases of dysentery, or blood flux, as it is sometimes 

5 



called, I have cured by knowing these ancient practices which 
have come from the land where the bubonic plague and dysen- 
teries have been the bane of the nation, who understood the 
body better than sanitation and germs. Dysentery and bloody 
flux, which have resisted all forms of treatment, will readily yield 
to the following treatment : First lay the patient on his or her 
side, with the back toward you ; place the finger and thumb on 
each side of the spinal foramena, commencing with the sacrum, 
and make deep pressure on the nerves as they emerge from their 
openings, and so on up the spinal column. With each pressure 
which you make the limb w^hich is uppermost should be drawn 
backward with the other hand, or, better, have an assistant to 
aid you, and draw each limb backward alternately. In this way 
you will receive results as surprising as it is marvelous. 

To be a good osteopath, "bone puller" and "kneader" one 
must have a good knowledge of anatomy, and before proceeding 
further it will be well to study carefully the joints and muscles, 
particularly the way the muscular fibers run, and for this pur- 
pose we have had the following special cuts made. 




MY EASY METHOD OF HYPNOTIZATION. 

The method by which I generally proceed is as follows : If 
possible I first show the person whom I wish to hypnotize an- 
other person passing into the hypnotic state. This is an advan- 
tage, as it generally removes nervousness and calls forth the imi- 
tative faculty. The patient to be hypnotized is then seated upon 
a comfortable chair, either reclining or otherwise (sometimes it 
may be preferable that the chair have no arms, and on one side 
be placed close to the wall in order that we may aid an uncertain 
catalepsy of the arm by leaning it against the wall). I then ex- 
plain to him that which I wish to bring about as to the cure of 
the sickness, and that he w^ill soon get sleepy and go asleep. I 
speak quietly but confidently and assuringly. I then ask him to 
fiX his gaze on the ends of my two fingers held in a forked-like 
position a little above the two eyes. At the same time I say that 
"you are getting sleepy, relax every maiscle and make yourself 
just as easy and lax and limp as possible, so easy, etc. Tune your 
body to the air. Tune your body to my voice. You feel easy and 
comfortable ; a drowsy feeling comes over you ; your eyes are 
getting tired ; you feel so sleepy, sleepy ; you are feeling calm ; 
you are at rest ; sleep is coming ; you are drowsy ; your eyelids are 
heavy; you can hardly keep them open." In a few minutes the 
pupils contract and dilate, and by this I know that the fingers 
are getting indistinct, and I say, "The fingers grow indistinct^ 
things look hazy ; you are going to sleep quickly and easily ; youL 
will soon close your eyes and go fast to sleep." If the patient 
shows symptoms of catalepsy, then close the eyes with your 
fingers ; but if not, then keep up the suggestions for a few min- 
utes. "You can hardly keep your eyes open ; your eyelids are sq 
heavy that they are beginning to close ; they have closed ; sleep 
comes, sleep, etc." If we have a very hard subject and the eyes 
do not close, then gradually and very slowly lower the fingers and' 
say, "Your eyelids are closing, so sleepy you can no longer keep' 
them open ; you close your eyes ; you can only hear my voice ; 

7 



8 

your eyes are closed tight and you cannot open them ; you sleep, 
sleep deeper ; you have no desire to move ; you feel that rest has 
come ; you feel so easy that you cannot stir a muscle ; you cannot 
open your eyes : feeling so easy, etc." V\q then lift the arm, in 
difBcult cases lean it against the wall, and say, "Your arm is 
fixed ; it cannot move : it is stiff." It may remain in this position, 
showing the presence of catalepsy. I then touch the opposite 
hand and say that it is drawn hypnotically upward, that it follows 
my hand, that it is impossible to keep it down. The hand will 
generally follow, though it may be necessary to repeat the sug- 
gestions a number of times in order to obtain the desired effect. 
We keep on suggesting the symptoms of sleep, and we then take 
the arms and hands of the patient and revolve them one around 
the other, saying, "You cannot stop turning your arms and 
liands : they must go on moving round and round, and you can- 
not stop them ; keep moving them." If the movements continue 
the third stage of hypnosis is reached. This is sufficiently deep 
for therapeutical effects generally. 

But if I wish to put them in a deeper sleep I repeat the 
symptoms which have surprised his imagination, and I say, 
"Dream and imagine everything that I say to you ; you are sleep- 
ing deeper and deeper — so deep asleep : dream and imagine 
evervthino;- which I sav to vou." Xow I suo;orest their thous^hts 
to some beautiful garden, to their home when a boy, and have 
them imagine the ones they used to play with and the things they 
used to do, etc., or we may suggest rapidly, things and objects of 
varied kind and character, and say. "Keep sleeping and dream- 
ing and sleeping deeper, sleep, sleep, etc." 

Having made the therapeutical suggestions, put the patient 
through a form of mental exercise, carry out general massage 
and dictate the physiological lines by which the disease will be 
cured, also as to the mental trend, diet, exercise, medicines, etc. 
We let the patient sleep a little, making suggestions that they will 
feel stronger and better, will sleep well nights, have a good appe- 
tite, etc. ; that they will feel cheerful, etc., not be nervous and that 
they will not have any headache, but that they will feel much 
better, etc. 

Some subjects are very susceptible ; with others it may re- 
quire a fcAv sittings. On the other hand, as Forel has mentioned, 
and as Bernheim has called special attention to, there are those 
vain individuals who are afterward ashamed to have been hypno- 



tized, and who maintain that they have been simulating, althoug-h 
in reahty tliey have been v/ell hypnotized. 

If the patient has only reached a light degree of sleep, I say 
that "you have been influenced, and will sleep better next time." 
I also repeat the therapeutical effects which I wish to obtain. 

In awakening the hypnotized subject, the older method, be- 
fore it was so well known that suggestion played such an impor- 
tant part in hypnotism, consisted in some excitement, and various 
methods were practiced, such as breathing on the eyes, or eye 
corner, or on the forehead, the wind from a pair of bellows was 
sometimes substituted, or a few drops of w^ater were sprinkled on 
the face. Snapping the finger was another popular means. 

In cases of hysterical patients, pressure was applied in the 
region of the ovarium in the female, and in the male its corre- 
sponding part, the testicles. The existence of superficial zones 
has also been shown in many hysterical subjects, v/hich may be 
excited in order to awaken them. These means are now out of 
place. 

Xever handle a patient roughly. Inexperienced persons have 
produced convulsions in patients by getting excited and flurried 
themselves, and using violent means to awaken their subjects. 
.\ Some patients will awaken themiselves at the exact expira- 
tion of a period of time suggested by the operator. It does no 
harm to leave a. person asleep, Bernheim ahowed a patient to 
sleep eighteen hours. Generally, however, the patient will awaken 
naturally in a few minutes, as from an ordinary sleep. 

Before awakening the patient he should always be prepared 
by a few suggestions like these : "When you awaken you will have 
no unnatural feelings about your body, no headache, but you 
will feel so rested and strong, etc." 

In order to awaken a patient it is always enough, and should 
be the only means used, to say, "I am going to wake you up now ; 
you will wake up, slow and easy, slow and easy ; you will wake 
up when I count ten ; one, wake up ; two, w^ake up, etc." When 
we have reached five, some of the principal therapeutic sugges- 
tions may be repeated ; also to have the patient awaken cheerful, 
etc., and continue, ''six, wake up, slow and easy, etc." 

Patients invariably wake up when the number set is reached ; 
if they do not, simpiy repeat in an easy manner that they are wak- 
ening up slowly, etc. 

I have been called a number of times to awaken subjects of 



lO 



amateurs and have never failed to awaken patients by repeating 
the above suggestions ; neither has anyone who has had ex- 
j)erience in the treatment by suggestion. 





C-'---' 



^5 




Jf^^^^mum 




SUGGESTION-MASSAGE, 



The Cure for Incurables. 



By Professor Thos. Bassett Keyes, M. D.. LL. D. 

Much has been written on sug-g-estive hypnotism, but in 
nearly every instance there seems to be a lack of practical 
therapeutical application. It is by combining- with the sug-- 
^esti(Jn, mi'ssag-e and medico-g-ymnastics that we receive the 
best results. This' article is intended to g-ive the medical pro- 
fession a few practical points in the treatment by "Sug-g-es- 
tion — Massage." 

Among the oldest of Chinese writings (over 3000 years 
B. C), is the Cong-FOwof Tao-Sse, which is a treatise on the 
curing of disease by putting the patient into a hypnotic con- 
dition and then to employ rubbing manipulation and exercise 
•of the body. It is filled with illustrations of the different 
■conditions, movements and attitudes. The desciples of Cong- 
Fow also entered into very lengthy details to show the sym- 
pathetic correspondence of the different parts of the human 
body and the action and reaction (auto-massage), of the dif- 
ferent organs of the body, as to secretion, digestion, etc. 
They regarded the Cong-^ow as a true exercise of religion 
which, by curing the body of its infirmities, liberates the soul 
from the servitude of the senses and gives it power to accom- 
plish its wishes on earth and of freely elevating itself to the 
perfection and perpetuity of its spiritual nature in the Tao, 
the realm of the great creative power. 



*A Lecture. 



«> KEYES: SUGCxESTIOX — MASSAGE. 

These, or like opinions and practices, still prevail in 
China and among- the inhabitants of India. Still, no detailed 
account in modern times has been written on "Sug-g-estion — 
Massag-e." 

\Keyes. Suggestive Hypnotis)n. ivith electrical massage in the treat- 
ment of infantile paralysis, neurasthenia, rheumatism and other affec- 
tions. Memphis Medical JIo?ithly, Dec, i8g6.) 

On the history- of massag-e or sug-g^estion applied together 
we will not further dwell, except to sa}' that among- classical 
nations, method, aim and theory has not yet existed Sepa- 
rately, massage and hypnotism are daily becoming more favor- 
ably received due to the large number of cures. 

■ {Keyes. History of Hypnotism, Vol. I. Xo. i. Journal Ayner. Psych. 
Med. and Surg. Sac. iSgj.) 

PHYSIOLOGY. 

The body is made up of the surrounding- elements. Its 
vital principle (Keyes' Life and Psycholog-y), depends upon 
the life (electricity) g-enerated from the food which we eat, 
the liquids which we drink and principally from the atmos- 
pheric air, which contains more electricity than an}- other 
substance known, save iron, cobalt and nickel. Throug-h the 
sympathetic nervous system this force is stored, harmonized 
and utilized in carrying- out the functions of the body. 

{Keyes. The Sympathetic Ganglionic Nervous System and Us rela- 
tion to the Body and Disease.) 

All parts of the body are agents of this electrical machine, 
from the blood to every secretion, and it maintains in due de- 
g-ree the physical conditions. When this system becomes ex- 
hausted, germs of disease find an easy access to the body; but 
when this system is active the body remains healthy. The 
energy of the sympathetic ganglionic system may be in- 
creased or diminished by the proper suggestions, and by sug- 
gestion we may direct this energy to a diseased part. A per- 
son in the proper suggestive state will feel this force gener- 
ating when the proper suggestions are made to increase gan- 
glionic activity. 



I 



KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE- 7 

The ph^'siological effect of sugg-estion and massage upon 
the blood is quite remarkable, and depends upon and is altered 
according- to the sugg-estions made. AVhen we say to the hyp- 
notized patient, "breathe deep, breathe deepl your blood is 
circulating- finely all through your body," etc., the pulse be- 
comes more full and strong-, and, combined with massag-e and 
repeated sug-g-estions, the effect upon the circulation and 
the larg-e increase of red blood corpuscles is indeed w^Qn- 
derful. By sug-g-estion and massag-e the number of red 
blood corpuscles can be increased to double, and the white to 
several times the amount, as I have found from experiments, 
time and time ag-ain. (See Keyes' treatment of tuberculosis, 
Vol. II, No. 1, Journal Amer. Psychol., Med. and Surg-. Soc, 
189S.) 

To sum up the physiolog-ical effect of sug-gestion we may 
say that all vital action is reflex, and that by sug-g-estion we 
may control the reflexes. 

{Keyes. Reflexes, 7iormal and abnormal.) 

Thus the body responds to the sug-g-estions made control- 
ling- the great nerve forces of the body and so impressing the 
nerve centers as to set in operation the various functions of 
the body, and by making them more automatic this is main- 
tained. 

By massage we may aid and place the suggestion. With 
suggestion and massage used together we may strengthen and 
enlarge the muscles, promote increased capillary circulation, 
stimulate the perstalsis, increase the activity of all the nerves, 
vessels and organs. 

{Keyes. Blistering by Hypnotic Suggestion. Medical Brief, i8gj.) 

MASSAGE PROPER. 

In all ancient systems of medicine some form of motion 
played the principal part in the treatment of disease. The 
old Romans used to put their slaves, too old for service, 
through massage treatment to make them look healthier and 
stronger in order to be able to sell them with more gain. 



8 KEYES : SUGGESTION- — MASSAGE. 

Homer sings of beautiful women who rubbed, to refresh, war- 
worn heroes after the toil of battle. Massage is the means 
used for cure among the Sandwich Islanders, whom Dr. Cook 
has so extoled, for the cure of rheumatism. Hippocrates says 
that a physician must be experienced in many things, but 
especially in rubbing. He himself (380 B. C), laid downcer- 
tain principles which today hold good, \iz: 1st. Soft or light 
rubbing loosens or relaxes tissue. 2d. Hard or vigorous rub- 
bing binds or contracts tissue. 3d. Prolonged rubbing causes, 
tissue waste. 4th. ModeraJ^^rjuJi^bipg. causes tissue growth. 

* 'Vigorous massage makes the tissues harder, light'mas— 
sage makes them looser, lengthy massage makes parts smal- 
ler and proper massage makes them larger." 

Massage has its progression. When starting to treat a 
patient it ought to be lightly given at the beginning and 
gradually increased after some treatments. As to strength 
and length of time of the application, it must be regulated by 
the physical constitution of the patient — as to individuality, 
age, sex and circumstances — and depends upon the good judg- 
ment of the operator. 

Massage should be applied from the periphery toward the 
center, thus following the venous circulation. The pressure 
should be put into the upward stroke, only lightly touching 
the skin coming downward. This gives the patient a sooth- 
ing feeling. The right hand of the operator is used with 
better advantage on any right part of the patient, and the 
same holds good regarding the left. 

Massage may be applied by hand, by brushes or by in- 
struments, such as muscle beaters, cannon, ten-pin balls, elec- 
tricity, machiner}', position, etc. 

In considering massage by hand the question naturally 
arises, Where should we begin ? If there is no cerebral dis- 
turbance the most natural point is the head. While the treat- 
ment at first should be gentle, it should proceed with in- 
creased vigor. If there is pain in the head or any other indi- 
cation of congestion of llie brain, the head should not be 



KEVES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 9 

treated until after the extremities, muscles and deep tissues, 
as well as the surface of the body, have received such atten- 
tion as will divert the blood from the brain. Then careful 
massage should be applied to the head. This principle holds 
good in relation to the treatment of congestion, wherever sit- 
uated. Manipulation should not be addressed at once to the 
congested or inflamed part, or any organ, as the case may be, 
which has too much blood already, but rather to the surface, 
muscles and extremities, that the blood may thereby be di- 
verted, the congestion lessened and the balance restored. As 
a rule, begin with moderate pressure and use as large a 
surface of the- htod as (possible. By suggestion we may 
fully relax the muscles and thus render the patient more 
accessible. 

The grips generally used are: Massage up, massage 
down, spiral, kneading, rolling, stroking, slapping, percus- 
sion, beating, pressing, shaking and vibration. These were 
divided by Dr. Mezzer, a Swedish physician, who was the 
first to apply, in a scientific manner, the massage treatment, 
into four classes, viz. : Effleurage (stroking massage up) fric- 
tions, petrisage (kneading), tapotment (percussion). Tapot- 
ment may also be divided into punctuations, hacking, etc. 

Hacking is called chopping, pointing, clapping, beating 
or knocking, and percussion. There are various kinds of per- 
cussion, made quickly, one after the other. To do this ma- 
nipulation properly one requires much practice and must have 
the wrist joint very flexible, so that a true vibrating move- 
ment may be produced and not merely a dead blow. The pa- 
tient should not feel any pain, not even after knocking with 
the fist, but rather an agreeable sensation of warmth. Chop- 
ping or hacking is a kind of percussion made with the ulnar 
edges of both hands, which move alternately up and down 
from the wrist joint. Pointing is used over bony parts. It 
is a light percussion, and is done with the tips of the fingers. 
In clapping, the flat of the hand is used in an alternate man- 
ner, as in chopping. Beating or knocking is done with the 



10 KEYES : SUGGESTION— MASSAGE. 

clinched hand. In sawing-, the lilnar side of the hand is 
moved like a saw, progressing slowly sideways over all the 
parts to be acted upon. In fulling*, the palms of the hands 
are placed on opposite sides of the part to be operated on; one 
of the hands is then slid forward, while the other slides back-, 
ward, and so on down the part, just as one rolls out a, piece of 
putty or clay between the hands. In skin fulling- a large fold 
of the patient's skin is taken hold of by the fingers of both 
hands, which is then moved to and fro so that the fold of skin is 
moved simultaneously in opposite directions. Abdominal ful- 
ling is done by an alternate movement of both hands, placed 
transversely, the ulnar edge of one pressing down, while the 
other is raised. Kneading is performed in a similar manner 
as in kneading doug-h. In vibration the hands or fingers, 
while vibrating, are placed on various parts of the patient, 
and so communicate their vibration. By widely separating 
the fingers, so that when a quick blow is given the stroke of 
each finger falls distinctly separate, the rate of the impact or 
percussion is quadrupled, and vibratory waves are made to 
pervade any fleshy part subjected to the process, and may be 
felt at the opposite side. Vibration may also be performed by 
light, rapid blows with a percuteur — a small hammer which, 
under the reciprocating motion imparted to it, transmits vi- 
bratory action to the skin and flesh underneath. On account 
of the impossibility of sustaining the required rate of vibra- 
tion, it is better to use some form of apparatus run by an elec- 
tric moter, or in the place of vibration, electricity may some- 
times be substituted. 

As examples of general massage of the body we ma}- men- 
tion head stroking. To do this both hands are used, the fin- 
gers of which are a little spread and directed upwards, one on 
the neck and the other on the forehead, and moved simultan- 
eously upwards toward the crown of the head. 

Back Stroking. — To do this the hands w^ork simultan- 
eously, alternately stroking very strongly down the back, 
from the neck to the sacrum. 



KKYES : SUGGESTION— MASSAGE. 11 

Abdominal massage deserves special mention as it is the 
most important sing-le procedure of massage, since the digest- 
ive S3'stem is such an important and often a defective one. In 
alternate abdominal stroking the operator stands in front of 
the patient, who may be in a half reclining, or reclining po- 
sition, and moves his hands alternately from the patient's 
lina alba in a straight direction outwards. In concentric ab- 
dominal stroking the palms of the hands are moved in large 
or small circular lines over the whole surface of the abdomen, 
more or less pressure being used. In colon stroking the hands 
are placed parallel to each other, with their ulnar surfaces 
against the anterior surface of the pelvis, and pressed deep 
into the abdomen. The hand then passes upward to near the 
edge of the right hip bone and across the abdomen, while the 
right hand simultaneously descends down and inwards toward 
the pelvis. Or the operator may stand behind the patient, 
who leans forward with the abdomen well relaxed. The fin- 
gers are slightly bent and move with a vermicular kind of 
motion, up and down and sideways, all over the abdomen. 

Head vibration. — To do this the head is grasped by plac- 
ing one hand on the forehead and the other on the back of 
the head, and then vibrated. Nose and larynx vibration are 
performed by placing the fingers of one hand on both sides, 
and then vibrated. 

(/. Keyes. Hypnotic Suggestion as a cure for Asthma. Med, Worlds 
i8g6. 2. Keyes. Hypnotic Suggestion as a cure for Neuroses of the Lar- 
ynx and Pneumo-Gastric Nerve. Med. Herald, i8g6. j. Keyes. Hyp- 
notism as a cure for Stammering. Columbus Med. Jour., i8g6.) 

Electricity and water deserve special mention and will in 
the future be much more extensively used for the purpose of 
massage, considering the progressive knowledge of these 
agents as an aid to the treatment by suggestion. 

Water is applied in the form of rain, douche, sluice and 
spray — in the sun and under colored rays. It is therefore 
necessary, in order to carry out such treatment, that the pa- 
tient be in a properly equipped sanitarium, and all inmates of 



12 KEYES : vSUGGESTlON — MASSAGE. 

such institutions should receive the invig-oratmg- benelits ot 
these treatments. 

Here it may be enunciated that in massag-e, deep breath- 
ing-, /. ^., full inspiration and as complete expiration as pos- 
sible, is essential to the best results. If, therefore, you have 
a patient who does not ordinarily more than half fill his lungs, 
and who is consequently not more than half alive, the first 
treatment should be instruction in deep breathing-. In short, 
you should teach him to breathe, by full inspirations, through 
his nostrils, with his mouth shut, which, in some instances, 
is a difticult task. It is rendered comparatively easy, how- 
ever, by giving the instructions during hypnosis. 

Medico-gymnastics are sometimes most useful and neces- 
sary in the treatment of a variety of diseases, and they may 
be considered as a branch of massage. Some of the move- 
ments used are bending, stretching, depressing, turning, shak- 
ing, raising, etc. They are divided into passive, active and 
duplicate. 

Passive movements are those perforrfi^d byithe gpejator, 
such as flexion, extension, rotation, etc., and they prepare the 
body for active ones. Active movements are such as are per- 
formed by the subject voluntarily. Duplicate is active or pas- 
sive, under which either the operator or patient makes resist- 
ance. 

The movements may be performed in different positions, 
:as lying, standing, sitting, kneeling or suspending. 

Bending. — 1st. Head backward and forward a number of 
times. 2d. Body sideways, backward and forward. 3d. 
Knees sideways, forward, etc. 

Stretching. — Legs, arms, neck and body. 

Rotation. — Rotate the joints of the limbs, hands, feet, 
etc. ; neck, body, etc. 

In order to successfully carry out suggestive treatment, 
post-hypnotic, or suggestion a echeance should be made, that 
the patient will carry aut some form of prescribed exercise, 
and that it will accomplish such and such results. 



KEYES : SUGGESTION — :MASSAGE. 



13 






The above cut represents the Betz hot air apparatus for the topical 
treatment of acute, subacute, articular and gonorrhoeal rheumatism, 
•arthritis, ankylosis, synovitis, etc., etc. By this apparatus the arms, 
legs, shoulders, hips, kidneys, abdomen and chest and all other parts of 
Ihe body may be treated with hot air at a temperature up to 450° F. It 
relieves pain immediately, causes absorption of effusion and restores 
mobility to joints stiffened from injury or disease. Thev should be 
Hised tog-ether with "Sug-g-estion-Massag-e." Frank S. Bets & Co., (78 
»^tate St., Chicag-o,) are the manufacturers. 



14 KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 

Sucli exercise acts as an excellent support of post-hypnotic 
suggestion [and will, in many cases, assist in effecting a more 
speedy cure. 

The following exercises are the ones upon which I rely 
most. They are some that were taught me by an early in- 
structor, all or any part of which may be used: 

HANDS ON CHEST. 

Right arm extended forward lour times. 

Left arm extended forward four times. 

Right and left extended, alternately, four times. 

Both together extended four times. 

Same exercise as above to the sides; also, upward, down- 
ward and backward. 

Right arm extended and bent at the elbow four times. 

Left arm extended and bent at the elbow four times. 

Alternate and repeat four times, and then both together 
four times. 

Same exercise with the wrist. 

ROTARY MOVEMENTS OF THE ARM. 

Left arm extended as an anvil and right arm rotated for- 
ward from the shoulder, as a hammer, four times. Alternate 
and repeat four times. 

Repeat the same backward. 

MOVEMENTS OF THE SHOULDERS. 

Right shoulder raised and lowered four times. 

Left shoulder raised and lowered four times. 

Alternate four times. Both together four times. 

Right shoulder rotated forward four times. 

Left shoulderrotated forward four times. 

Alternate four times and then both together four times. 

Same exercise backward rotation. 

MOVEMENTS OF THE BODY. 

Bend forward from the hips four times. 
Bend backward from the hips four times. 
Forward once, backward once, repeated four times. 
Same movements to the sides. 



KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 15 

MOVEMENTS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES. 

Bend forward from the ankle four times. 
Bend backward from the ankle four times. 
Forward once, backward once, repeated four times. 
Same movements to the sides. 
Body raised and lowered on toes four times. 
Body lowered and raised from knees four times. 
Rig-ht foot forward four times. 
Left foot forward four times. 

Alternate and repeat four times. Same backward, to the 
sides, in the form of a star, etc. 

MOVEMENTS OF THE NECK. 

Head rotated to the rig-ht four times. 
Head rotated to the left four times. 
Alternately to the right and left four times. 
Head bowed forward four times. 
Head bowed backward four times. 
Alternately forward and backward four times. 

BKEATHING EXERCISE. 

Full inspiration and respiration four times. 

Fast inspiration and slow expiration four times. 

Slow inspiration and fast expiration, four times. 

These exercises should be variated, and some should be 
repeated more than is set down above; and while the patient 
is performing the exercise let him imagine he is lifting a very 
heavy weight. We may add that during the entire exercise 
the patient should practice deep breathing. 

Generally, a "Suggestion — Massage" treatment ought not 
to last over half an hour. Sometimes it is considered better 
to make the treatment still shorter — two or three times a day 
— while some cases do better by a long continued treatment. 

Massage on the naked skin is seldom necessary, when 
combined with active movement and suggestion. In local 
troubles, however, it is preferable to apply the massage on the 
naked skin. 



16 KKYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 

The art of massag-e should be learned by personal instruc- 
tion, and demands a knowledg-e of anatomy and physiolog-y. 

MUSIC, ESPECIAI.I.Y IN THE PRODUCTION OF 
AUTO-MASSAGE. 

In the proper hypnotic state music is capable of produc- 
ing- the most wonderful and perfect auto-massag-e of any 
means which will probably ever be known to man. Those who 
completely lose themselves in musical impressions will readily 
appreciate the conviction it bring-s, leaving- no tension unre* 
lieved. 

Strictly we cannot say that air is the only medium which 
can convey sound. For example, often persons who are 
totally deaf to sound, produced by excitement of the air, can 
hear the sound of a watch or a bell when held between the 
teeth; the sound being- then undoubtedly conveyed by the 
portions of the head to the auditory center. In the sug-- 
g-estive attentive state every sense is more acute, and the 
sympathetic system and the entire body are ready to receive 
the slig-htest impression as is instanced in muscle reading, 
but this latter is generally far less sensitive than the sensi- 
tive sugg-estive state. Pythagoras, in ancient times, pur- 
suing with his well-known zeal and persistence, the idea with 
which he was entirely absorbed — that of reducing all human 
knowledge to a mathematical basis — subjected the phenomena 
of sonorous bodies to a strict calculation. He calculated the 
number and relative value of the vibrations, and established 
the absolute correctness of the intervals contained within the 
limits of an octave, which led Leibnitz to say, later: "Music 
is a calculation which the soul makes unconsciously in secret." 

Acting directly upon the nerves, and in perfect harmony 
with the solids and liquids that pertain to the whole animal 
economy, every nerve and muscle seems to vibrate to the 
music. Groups of muscles and single muscles of the limbs, 
trunk and arms, and sometimes the muscles of the neck and 
face, rise and fall, quickening or slacking their action to the 



KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 17 

tempo of the air. The same may be said as to the beating of 
the pulse. 

The phenomena produced by music on the physical con- 
stitution of man while in the sug-g-estive state, are certainly 
very extraordinary, but their effect on his moral nature and 
intellectual faculties are much more marvelous. The emo- 
tions increase in proportion to the force or g-randeur of the 
composers' ideas. Thus to some it will produce a feeling- as 
thoug-h taking- a wild furious ride throug-h the air. Some 
music will bring- up the imag-e of lofty g-randeur and calm- 
ness. If a waltz is played the patient will feel that he is en- 
joying- himself at a grand party. If a march is played he 
will feel that his body is having- a g-ood time with his own 
body. The importance of discrimination,' as regards the 
class of music and the key in which it is played, is thus 
readily seen. 

Slow monotonous music, provided it is not too sluggish, 
has a calming influence over the individual, because it is then 
in accord and harmony v/ith the nerve habit of the person 
who listens, if these essentials are wanting, it then may do 
more harm than good by causing irritation. 

In order to bring the brain under the control of the 
music it is essential to arrest the attention. This may be 
done by its power or sweetness, then gradually conduct the 
organism into harmony with itself the key should accord 
with that in which the cerebrum is at that moment working. 

As to the key. Gentry in his essays on music has laid 
down a series of rules, on this subject which seems to me 
useful for the composer to know. "The key of C minor is 
pathetic. The key of D major is brilliant and that of D 
minor is melancholy. The key of K flat is grand and also 
pathetic; it is a semitone higher than that of D major, and 
still does not in the least resemble it. By ascending again a 
semitone, we reach the key of K major, which is as sparkling 
as the preceding one and is grand and melancholy." 

"The key of E minor is rather sad, although it is the 



18 KEYES: SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 

first minor scale in nature; that of F major is mixed; that of 
F minor is the most pathetic of all; the key of F sharp major 
is hard and sharp, because it is overloaded with accidentals; 
the same key in minor still preserves a little of the same 
hardness; the key of G major is war like and not as grand as 
C major; the key of G minor is the most pathetic, except that 
of F minor; the key of A major is a very brilliant one; that of 
A minor is the simplest, least brilliant of all; the key of B 
flat g-rand, but less so than C major, and more pathetic than 
that of B minor, which is adapted to express sincerity and 
artlessness." 

In g-eneral all the minor keys are ting-ed with melan- 
choly; they are most used for expressing- sentiments, such as 
grief, etc. 

A key should be chosen analog-ous in character to that of 
the person, as to ag-e, etc. 

In the treatment of melancholia plaintive sound is re- 
quired in a key that will blend in harmony with the brain 
state of the person; the attention having- been arrested the 
time may be g-radually chang-ed and modulated. 

The violin and piano are probably the best instruments 
to be used, but to those who are not able to obtain proper 
musicians, the g-raphaphone may be used to a g-reat ad- 
vantag-e. 

Music thus used in the hypnotic state becomes a great 
and salutary agent for the relief of suffering humanity. The 
power of the suggestion may be greatly increased. It 
is especially useful in the treatment of mental diseases for 
sadness, despondency, etc., but its greatest use is in the cure 
of paralysis, locomotor ataxia, sciatica, St. Vitus Dance and 
other nervous diseases. 

An able physician's diagnosis reveals the kind of treat- 
ment which should be applied, and the effect of the treatment 
tells the experienced operator what combination of move- 



KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 19 

ments and manipulations, music and sugg-estions should be 
made. 

THE APPLICATION OF SUGGESTION — MASSAGE TO TPIE CURE OF 

DISEASE. 

There is not a single disease and no person that cannot 
but be benefitted by treatment bj "Sug-g-estion — Massage." 

RHEUMATISM. 

The patient being- in a receptive state such suggestions 
are made to correct the S3'mptoms pathological, according- to 
physiology. (Absorption, elimination, etc.) The affected 
part is subjected to all the movements of massage, including- 
hacking and beating. Begin with general massage of the 
whole body, and correct by suggestion the functions of the 
principle organs; then massage around and over the affected 
part. Continue with local massage of the diseased muscle, 
and finish the treatment with a few movements that give ef- 
fect upon the circulation and respiration, with suggestions to 
keep the affected part as freely moveable as possible, and that 
he will manipulate and exercise the parts at times with the 
same good effect as if he were being treated. 

In severe cases the treatment should be given twice, and 
sometimes thrice daily. From one to thirty treatments are 
generally enough to effect a cure. When the attack is over 
and the patient cured, suggestions, to act post-hypnotically, 
should be made to the eifecttfhat the patient will carry out 
some form of exercise, and that by doing so results will be so 
obtained as to increase the general activity of the system and 
keep the disease from returning, and while m.aking these sug- 
gestions the exercise should be taught. 

SUGGESTION — MASSAGE, AFTER FRACTURES. 

The most remarkable results may be accomplished in the 
healing of a fractured bone. Of course, the first thing to 
be done is to see that the bone is properl}^ set. This should 
be done under hypnotic anesthesia and suggestions should be 
made as to the healing of the fractured bone. 

[Keyes. Hypnotic Anesthesia. Journal of Obst. and Diseases of 
Women and Children, i8g6.) 



20 KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 

For the first few days the arm will be too sore to bear 
much manipulation, but g-entle massage may be carried out 
from the first, always, of course, during- hypnosis and accom- 
panied by sug-gestion. By this procedure the leng-th of time 
for convalesence of the part is greatly shortened. This is true 
of all fractures. In the future surgery and suggestion will 
go hand in hand, not only as to the healing of fractures, but 
also as to the healing of tubercular joints, sinews, etc., and 
after operations for malignant growths. 

{Keyes. Surgery, then Hypnotism, especially ajter Operations for 
Malignant Growths. — Charlotte Med. Jour., April, i8gj. Keyes. Sur- 
gery and Hypnotism in the treatment of Crime and Degeneracy. — Medico- 
Legal Soc. and Jour., i8g8. Keyes. Surgery, then Hypnotism, in the 
treatment of Masterbation, Insanity, Epilepsy, etc., etc. Keyes. Surgery, 
then Hypnotism, in the treatment of Strabismus. — Magazine of Med., iSgy.) 

For this reason I have expressed my motto as: "Sur- 
gery, then Hypnotism." 

AFFECTIONS OF THE EYES. 

Suggestion, together with massage, is used with the most 
remarkable results in all affections of the eyes. In some cases 
it is well to massage the neck at the same treatment, sugges- 
tions being made to obtain the effect desired. The possibili- 
ties of hypnotism and massage in all affections of the eye is 
great. In many instances it is said to prove effective in the 
removal of cataract. 

{Keyes. Surgery, then Hypnotism, in the treatment op Strabismus. 
— Charlotte e Med. Jour., iSgy.) 

AFFECTIONS OF THE EAR. 

By the use of hypnotic suggestion and massage we may 
expect a far more hopeful prognosis of certain ear affections, 
especially those of central nerve origin. Otitis, purulent 
eczema of long standing, also yields to this mode of treat- 
ment. The manipulations consist principally in pressing the 
index fingers within the ear and circular strokings over the 
mastoid process; also in front of the ear. 

DEAFNESS AND DUMBNESS CURED. 

Mark, Chap. VIII, v. 32. — "And they bring unto Him one 




# 




The most improved Massag-e Apparatus may be obtained from the Health 
Culture Co., 341 Fifth Avenue. New York. 



KEYHS : SUGGESTION — .^lASSAGE- 21 

that was deaf, and had an impediment in his speech; and thej 
beseech Him to put His hand upon him. 

33. "And He took him aside from the multitude and put 
His ting-ers into his ears, and He spit and touched his tong-ue, 

34. "And looking- up to Heaven, He sighed, and saith 
unto him, 'Ephphatha,' t. e.y be opened, 

35. "And straig-htway his ears were opened and the 
string- of his tong-ue was loosened, and he spake plain." 

AFFECTIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 

General massag-e, with such sug-g-estions as to strengthen 
and correct all unnatural symptoms, should be made. Pas- 
sive and active exercise, g-alvanic and faradic electricity, and 
deep and searching- massage and velocity vibrations, coupled 
with hypnotic suggestions, afford the most certain and speedy 
relief. 

{Keyes. Hypnotic Suggestion as a cure for Insanity .—Pacific Med. 
Jour., i8gj. Keyes. Hypnotism in the treatment of Dipsomania, Mor- 
phiaminia and Onanism.— four. Materia Mediea, i8g6.) 

Massage is used in the neighborhood of the affected mus- 
cles, together with such movements as are intended to increase 
the circulation through diseased parts. Suggestions are made 
to stimulate the entire sympathetic system. We suggest that 
the patient is getting warm over the region of the solar 
plexus (touching the part), and warm here (touching the re- 
gion of the pelvic plexus.) You feel warm up and down the 
spine. You feel your body generating life force, electricity, 
etc. Suggestions are also made to correct every symptom, as 
to nutrition, etc. 

MIGRANE. 

Suggestions are always effective. Massage should be 
carried out over the head and neck. It has been said that 
headache is often due to some irritation or adhesion of the 
muscles about the neck. 

DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SY^STEM. 

The functions of the stomach and intestines, and of the 
pancreas and liver, may be increased by suggestion and mas- 
sage, such suggestions being made to correct the conditions as 
to digestion, circulation, etc. To massage the stomach, press 



22 KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 

the fingers beneath and upwards from the lower border of the 
sternum and give a vibratory motion to the hand. Pressing, 
percussing, shaking, kneading and rubbing may also be car- 
ried out over the entire intestinal region. Indigestion, non- 
assimilation, leanness, obesity, plethera, anemia, etc.. maj 
thus be cured. 

OF THE LIVER. 

Suggestion and massage of the liver are extremely val- 
uable in any affection of this organ. In simple hyperemia, 
due to excess in the pleasures of the table or to a long con- 
tinued residence in a tropical climate, it is very useful; also in 
chronic enlargement of the liver. Deep breathing is very es- 
sential, as it acts as "auto-massage" upon the liver, the con- 
traction and relaxation of the diaphram and chest walls al- 
ternately compressing and permitting the organ to expand. 
The majority of persons suffering from nephatic torpidity and 
congestion of the portal circulation are disinclined to make 
such exertions as would call for vigorous breathing, so that 
hypnotic suggestion must be strongly made in order that the 
beneficial effects of auto-massage may be obtained.. 

CONSTIPATION. 

In treating constipation carry out the same as above. 
Give suggestions as to abdominal exercise. Carry out mas- 
sage over the abdomen (making suggestions to increase the 
action of the intestines and to stimulate the hypogastric 
plexus), with beating and percussion of the sacrum and back. 

H^MERRHOIDS. 

Besides the treatment already outlined in the two forego- 
ing paragraphs, we may increase the amount of beating over 
the sacral region. The patient must also be instructed as to 
diet, hygiene, habits, etc., and as to the proper application of 
the 'usual remedies in such affections. Suggestions should 
also be given as to a form of calesthenics that will increase 
the circulation of these parts. 

AFFECTIONS OF THE BLADDER. 

Vibration is made over the perineum, pressure over the 



KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 23 

pubes and percussion at the hips. Sug-g-estions are made for 
the relief of the sytaptoms. Paralysis of the spincter, cys- 
titis, and all diseases are benefitted by this treatment. 

[Keyes. Report of a successful cure by Hypnotic Suggestion of a case 
of Enuresis Nocturna et diurna, — Med. Brief, i8g6,) 

THE OVER-DISTENTION OF THE BREAST IN NURSES — TO IN- 
CREASE THE AMOUNT OF MILK SECRETED. 

The breasts may be controlled by sugg-estion as to the 
amount of milk secreted by nurses. Over distended breasts are 
very soon relieved. ITse gentle friction to dry, and rub the 
nipples to excite secretion. 

Diabetis, dysmenorrhoea and uterine affections may be 
benefitted and cured. 

[Keyes. Hypnotism — Its use in Nervous Functional Disorders of the 
Uterus and its Appendages. — Jour, of Materia Medica, i8g6. Keyes. 
The treatme7it of some Diseases oflVo?nen, as to the Generative Organs. — 
Jour. Am. Psych. Med. and Surg. Soc, Vol. /, A^o. y, i8gy.) 

DISEASES OF THE HEART. 

Suggestion and massage is an important treatment in all 
diseases of the heart. The remarkable success claimed for the 
Oertal treatment, the Schott method and other forms of heart 
gymnastics, in cases varying in gravity from extensive non- 
compensatory dilation, with or without valvular mischief, to 
the minor forms of transient disturbance of rythm, has led 
to some controversy. Some writers extol gymnastics, exer- 
cises, and mountain climbing in cases involving muscular de- 
bility, fatty degeneration and insufficient compensation. Oth- 
ers again declare that such methods of treatment induce a 
further pathological condition. Certain it is, however, that 
if the massage is performed while in the hypnotic state we 
may obtain beneficial results. General massage is carried out 
over the entire body. From day to day, the length and force 
of the manipulations should be gradually increased. As the 
patient becomes habituated to massage, passive movements of 
the limbs are practiced, the number and character of these 
varying with the state of the case. For hypertrophy of the 



24 KEYES : SUGGESTION — MASSAGE. 

heart Ostrom recommends the following movements, and adds 
that from this series it will be easy for the masseur to select 
movements for affections of the heart where mechano-therapy 
is indicated: 

1. Slow raising- of the chest. 

2. Half left rotation of the chest. 

3. Slow rotation of the feet. 

4. Left extension of the legs. 

5. Punctation over the heart. 

6. Half left separating of the knees. 

7. Slow rotation of the body. 

8. Clapping of chest. 

In concluding this article let us add that in the treatment 
of disease "Suggestion^ — Massage" should play an important 
part, especially in diseases of severity, or of a chronic form, in 
combination with all of the other means of cure, which the 
latest scientific investigations have found of any value, and it 
is only in this later sense that this article is graced "The cure 
for incurables." But, of any single agent or remedy, "Sug- 
gestion — Massage" will be found of the greatest utility. 

Thus, surgery to remove the cause when such exists — 
medicine and suggestion to relieve the conditions and func- 
tional disturbances. 




A CERTAIN CURE FOR CONSUMPTION, 

With Tabulated Report of Thirty 
Successive Cases.* 

By Thos. Bassett KeyES, M. p., Chicago, 

Professor of Sugrgestive Therapeutics Harvey Medical Colleg-e; Clinicien of Surgery, 
Illinois Medical College: President of the American Psychological Medi- 
cal and Surgical Society, Fellow of the American Association 
of Physicians and Surgeons, and Chairman of its 
Section of Psychological ^;edicine and 
Surgery; Member of the Medi- 
co-Legal Society of 
New York, etc. 
Member of the American 
Association for the Study and Cure of Inebriates, etc. 

Pulmonary phthisis shows a natural tendency to recover 
in only a small number of cases, and the ratio of mortality 
from this disease is g-reater than that of any other. It is pre- 
eminently an insidious disease, and there is no distinct time 
when health ends and disease begins. 

Of late years the theory that all pulmonary consumption 
is due, in the first place, to defective pneumog-astric inervation 
has gained certain intelligent adherents, who claim, with 
plausibility, that all are exposed to germ disease, but that the 
bacilli only thrive and multiply in lung tissue of lowered vi- 
tality. This theory is here advanced, with the addition that 
the pneumogastric inervation leads to ganglionic exhaustion, 
in the first instance, principally at the solar plexus. 

The great S3^mpathetic ganglionic nerve system supplies 
the life force, and all parts of the body, even the blood and 
its constituents are its agents. Morgagni (1740), and Legal- 
lois (1812), and later Valsalva and Landois, have observed that 



*Read before the American Psj-chologlcal Medical and Surgical Societ^v, Decem- 
ber 17, 1897. 



26 KEYKS : A CERTAIN CURE FOR CONSUMPTION. 

section of both vag-i causes pneumonia, paralysis of the parts 
and death. 

In the treatment of consumption all irritations should be 
removed, and see that the nose and throat are in normal con- 
dition. If hypertrophies of the tissue in the nose or other 
abnormal conditions exist, then remove them. If there are 
enlarged tonsils, excise them if their state demands. In fact, 
every symptom of a tubercular patient, and all conditions, 
such as catarrh, ask for thorough treatment. The patient 
should be instructed as to hygiene, diet, and some form of cal- 
esthenic exercise should be prescribed. The following, to be 
used as a steam inhalation, is also beneficial: 



^ 



Menthol, gr. V. 

Terebene, gtts. XX. 

Creosote, gtts. XII to XX. 

Gl3'cerine, oss. to 5j. 

M. Sig. For one day's treatment. 

Every medical man well knows that all consumptives suf- 
fer, more or less, with affections of the stomach— generally 
catarrh. Most of the treatments now in vogue, viz: by anti- 
-septics, owe their beneficial effects to their local action upon 
the stomach and the nerves of that region. 

Recognizing this pathological condition of the stomach, 
•and fiom our knowledge of the important part the great solar 
plexus takes in the generation of the life force and regulation 
of nutrition, and knowing that by hypnotic suggestion we can 
psychologically increase or diminish any physiological func- 
tion of any part of the body, I have formed the following plan, 
which has been carried out with the result of a cure in thirty 
consecutive cases. And let me here add that existence of 
cavities in the lungs does not banish the hope of arresting 
the disease and obtaining progress and health by treatment. 
" The stomach having been prepared by proper fasting (at 
least five hours), is cleansed by the Turke method, z. e., by 
a gyremole and sponge and double-flow tube. It is seldom 



KEYES : A CERTAIN CURE FOR CONSUMPTION. 27 

tiecessary to employ the gyremole but once; not frequently, 
three or more times are required. Through a double-flow 
tube about two gallons of a solution of chinsol (5gro tablet to 
two gp.llons of water), is passed in and out of the stomach, 
thus irrigating and cleansing it thoroughly. After the chin- 
sol solution, a gallon of sterile water should be run through 
to remove it, as the tendency of antiseptic solutions of this 
kind is to destroy the leucocytes of the blood, the very friends 
we should endeavor to cultivate. A gallon of sterile water, 
with the addition of one drachm of sodium chloride, is now 
run into the stomach and intestine and left there. The tem- 
perature of these solutions should be 120^ F. 

In all cases, at the first few treatments it is surprising to 
witness the amount of catarrhal mucus which exists. These 
irrigations should be kept up daily during the first week, 
sometimes up to the third week, but do not repeat leaving 
the gallon of weak sodium chloride solution in the stomach 
over three times in succession. This latter stimulates the 
kidneys, and cultures made from the urine shows that, to a 
considerable extent, the tubercular bacilli arc eliminated, to- 
gether with other pathogenetic germs. 

By suggestion the most sluggish and virulent sores may 
be made to heal, the heart to beat fast or slow, sensations of 
heat to appear on parts, and we may increase or diminish the 
temperature of the bod}^, make the pupil contract or dilate, or 
increase the peristalsis of the intestines. In short, the body 
responds to suggestion, and we may dictate terms according 
to the physiolog}^ of any of the organs or parts, and these 
terms or suggestions arc brought into action through the me- 
dium of the mind and nerve system. To those Vv-ho have stud- 
ied along these lines it will not be surprising that a tuber- 
cular cavity may be made to heal, and nov/ comes the most im- 
portant part of this plan of treatment. It is in the use of sug- 
gestion massage. The patient being placed into the desired 
suggestive state, suggestions are made as to the correction of 
all pathological conditions, such as inflammaticn, according to 



28 KKYES : A CERTAIN CURE FOR CONSUMPTION. 

physiological principles. The patient is instructed to breathe 
deep, so that the circulation will increase. One of the prin- 
cipal secrets of success in the treatment by sug-g-estion is to 
stimulate ganglionic activity by such suggestions as these, 
You feel warm here (touching the part), you feel warm up 
and down your spine and on the top of your head; you feel 
this nerve system generating life-force elcctricit}^ and this 
life nutrition is going to the affected part. Patients to 
whom these suggestions are made, if in the proper state, will 
feel the force generating within them. "I feel like an elec- 
tric battery," many say. This treatment is in reasonable ac- 
cord with the cause of consumption here advocated. 

Now, general massage and movements including all of 
the manipulations, as friction, beating, kneading, chopping, 
sawing, vibration, etc., etc., are carried out, coupled with the 
suggestion of the effect desired, as to sleep, digestion, circu- 
lation; habits of the body, as to the healing of the cavities, 
night sweats, diarrhoea or constipation, etc. 

Vibration of the chest is one of the most important of the 
massage manipulations. To do this it is better to use some 
form of apparatus, run by an electric motor. For this pur- 
pose we recommend Professor Boschetti's small hand appara- 
tus, which transmits a rapid and almost silent rotary move- 
ment to an articulated metal rod or flexible cord, producing 
from 4,000 revolutions a minute upward. An eccentric 
•changes the motion from a rotary to a tremolo at will. In 
place of this we may use the hands alone which, while vibrat- 
ing, are placed on various parts of the patient, and so com- 
municate their vibration; or also by light, rapid blows, with 
the fingers widely separated, so that when a quick blow is 
given, the stroke of each finger falls distinctly separate. The 
rate of the impact or percussion is thus quadrupled, and vi- 
bratory waves are made to pervade any part subjected to the 
process. Another form of vibration of the chest is to have 
the patient sit erect. An assistant on each side grasps a hand 
and extends the arms of the patient horizontally, and then 



KEYES : A CERTAIN CURE FOR CONSUMPTION. 29 

both at the same time and with the same motion bring- the 
arms up and down with a very rapid, jerking-, vibrating- mo- 
tion, repeating- from twenty to fifty times. The vibrations 
from each side are propagated along- the arm into the chest, 
where they meet and are broken into very fine waves. As a 
vibration, electricity may also be used. 

We may now put the patient through some form of men- 
tal exercise. Have him imagine, during his suggestive state, 
that he is running, walking, rowing, etc., at the same time 
giving these suggestions as to the improvement that you ex- 
pect will come: You grow strong, muscles get large and 
hard, and it makes you hungry. Your blood is circulating 
fine, you breathe deep and you are getting strong. The sore- 
ness and inflammations are healing, etc. By mental gym- 
nastics, as above, weak muscles will become well developed 
and powerful. ___ 

Twice a week the patient should receive a steam bath 
during the suggestive treatment. 

Having treated the entire body by general massage and 
corrected all of the various symptoms by suggestion, we should 
give instructions during the receptive state, as to diet, hy- 
giene, inhalations, exercise, etc., which are to be carried out 
between the treatments. These instructions are given in 
such a manner so that by performing them they aid the treat- 
ment, not only by their own value but by the post-suggestive 
influence. 

Some of the post-suggestions, or suggestion a-echance, 
may be as follows: If the patient is strong enough we would 
say to him: "Before each meal you should walk around the 
block four times, breathing long and deep. By doing so it 
will make you grow strong and fat; it will make your lungs 
strong; it will make them heal; the blood will circulate so 
finely all through your body and you will be so hungry 
(touching the stomach), have a good appetite and sleep well 
nights. You will eat such and such, and it will agree with 
you, and be digested and assimilated, and make flesh and 



oO KEYES : A CEKTAIN CUKE FOR CONSUMPTION. 

muscle, etc. You will use the inhalation three times a day, 
and we may add that it will loosen the secretions, cause sore- 
ness to disappear, the lung-s to heal, etc." All of the above 
sug-g-estions, and others, should be repeated a number of 
times. 

By the above treatment many patients, weak and anemic, 
even well advanced into the second stag"e (Loomis) of con- 
sumption, are rapidly cured, the usual leng-th of time being- 
from one to three, or several months. 

It is somewhat remarkable to notice the improvement 
after a sing-le treatment. Many of the patients g-ain a pound 
each day. The number of red blood corpuscles are increased 
to a most wonderful extent. In one case, with marked ane- 
mia, Mr. N. H., ag-e 35 years, sickness dating* back over one 
year, coug^h every minute, g^reat amount of expectoration, no 
appetite, temperature 100, pulse 120, at noon. He had been 
to Colorado and returned worse. The case had been treated 
and pronounced tuberculosis by a number of excellent ph3'si- 
cians, and a grave, serious prog^nosis had been rendered. Be- 
fore treatment the blood was examined twice and the counts 
of red blood corpuscles were 3,700,500 and 3,897,000 to the c. 
mm. The percentag-e of haemoglobin was 30. An examina- 
tion after the first treatment showed 6,560,700, the white cor- 
puscles being in the ratio of 1 to 107 red and the haemoglo- 
bin 80 per cent. After the second treatment, examination of 
the blood showed 8,000,000 red blood corpuscles to the c. mm. 
From the first treatment the patient recovered rapidly, the 
night sweats and chills stopped and other symptoms gradu- 
ally ceased. Patient felt entirely well in three weeks, with a 
gain of twenty pounds. He was treated six weeks and gained 
thirty pounds. 

Of so much interest is the increase of blood constituents 
by this treatment that I append the following table. Flei- 
schl's haemoglobinometer and the Thoma-Zeiss haemocyto- 
meter were the instruments used to estimate the number of 
corpuscles: 



1^ 






Cl X M l^ 



O C C^ l^ X X o 



; c o 



I/; I/; O I> n ro CN rO X n sC ri rj C^ O O 



DCOCOOOOCOOOCOOOOCO'-iOOO 


OOCOOCOOiJ^iOOO 


OOOOOOOOOOCCOOOOOOCt-hoOO 




^.^-OOOCOOOOOOOOOOCOCCCSvCCCnJ 


ScccSod-ocoo 






OOO^OOOOOOC^O'^COOOOO' — 'Ow^XOX 


OCCXOOOf^Ji-HfSOO 

5^0C^C0^XC^X00 


sDOo<Mooc(Ncccu-. cc^c;oooo^^a^cvo 


«^OO^OCOOXCOwOXOCCCOLOtOOr^ 


occr<icrcrn>oCNOO 






>0XXCMOI>00U0'!l-^Cl.-t^'=J-l^OXOl>X xt^ 


LCTi--<4-u;v£)vO'rfOrOrO"*vO 





a c 


o 


' 


H 


F^^^^SS^^^S-!^?,^^ : : :S^^ :^ :::::::: : i^g^i 




: (-1 :: ro _:::;:::::::::::::::::::::::: I 






'J c 

O 'J 

2, t> 

o ^ 

ft; 


1 

t 

<~0 


000,000 
000,000 
000,000 
298,000 
000,000 
000.000 
000,000 
250,000 
000,000 
000,000 
000,000 
389,200 
000.000 
000,000 
698,210 
500,000 
000,000 
000,000 
129,876 
891,172 
986,720 
230,000 
281,190 
367,890 
350,000 
790,000 
800,000 
900,000 
689,000 
911,328 
900,000 
890,000 
786,700 
900,000 
000,000 




'/: nC •* ro LO 'I- rO re ^ sC 'I- r> ^ LC O '^ iC C rC <~C '^ LT- vC ri rl rO rf r^ C5 --i CI rO CI lO 




^ CI CI CI CI 



C> • i-( f-i i-> CI CI rH 



.-I ^ C5 CI 



IrHC^ 



X C^ ro 'i- 



C u o 


1 














F ■ 


: S ^ :i< S ^ .^ • 


:SSS^^ 


:fa§g'^fa-^ : 


:;i^ S S 


-^^'^^^SSS 


< 


CO . 


• C^ (^ C ^ >J^ X • 

• th Cl rC CI ^ T-( • 


• X C^ C rO 

• 'T C5 X rO 


• O i:^ 1^ r- O ci • 

• Cl Cl Cl ^ C4 ro • 


• O LT, t^ 

• '^ 't ro 


• nrc^-icxunx^ 

• lC Cl C5 ro Cl ro ^ ^ 



hi 



ClrO'^i^Ot^t^I^XOC; 



T-iclrO'+Lr-OXXXr^O'-iClr^-t-u^vCt^XCNO 
Ti ri rl T- .-I T-H r-< Tl .-1 r-l C4 CI CJ CJ C3 C) CI C^ C^ CI (T) 



32 KEYES: A CERTAIN CUKE FOR CONSUMPTION. 

Many of these cases were examined several hours after 
the treatment. It will be seen by the table that the number 
of red and white corpuscles were well maintained and im- 
proved throughout, which goes to show that the increase is 
due in part to production through a metabolic process. 

From the results obtained we may draw the following 
conclusions: 

1. That by suggestive massage we may greatly increase 
the number of red blood corpuscles. 

2. That the gallon of weak sodium chloride solution left 
in the alimentary canal is largely absorbed during the treat- 
ment, and that it acts by attenuation and elimination of th^ 
toxins and bacteria, the kidneys becoming very active. 

3. That large irrigations stimulate the sympathetic 
ganglionic nerve systems, and remove toxic products, often 
relieving the cause of the disease. 

4. That by this method all consumptives can be cured 
who have not advanced beyond the first stage (Loomis), and 
that many who are still further advanced in the disease may 
be cured. 

5. That hypnotic suggestion is a most effective thera- 
putic agent, and that it will soon become universally de- 
manded. 

This is the physiological treatment of consumption 
briefly outlined. To it may be added in some cases certain 
aids. Thus in a selection of cases where cavities exist in the 
lungs we are trying the treatment so lateh^ brought forward 
by Dr. Murphy, /. e., injecting into the pleural cavit}' nitro- 
gen gas, so as to compress the lung and force rest. 

Nitrogen gas was advocated years ago as a remedy, but 
was used in a different way through the respiratory tract. 
The method of Dr. Murphy is quite original and for the pur- 
pose, as said before, to force rest. 

However, the results obtained by his treatment alone can- 
not be favorable, for the cause has not been removed, and 
there still remains a soil which will rekindle into disease. We 
must first or at the same time remove the reflex and exhaust- 
ing cause. This is done by resorting to surgerv in some 
cases (as in the treatment of catarrh of the nose), and carry- 
ing out the physiological treatment here outlined. Thus con- 
sumption can be cured. 



THE FEEBLE=MINDED AND IDIOTIC* 

Suggestion and Music as an Aid to Their Education and Physio= 
logical Training. 

By Professor Thos. Bassett Keyes, M. D., of Chicago. 

The first recorded instance we have of an attempt made 
to educate a deaf mute was in 1679. The Rev. Mr. Philip 
Nelson, of Massachusetts, attempted to teach a deaf and dumb 
bo}^ to speak. In this the neig-hboring- community thought 
they saw an attempt to imitate the miracles of Christ and his 
efforts to teach the boy broug-ht only reproach upon him. 
However, it led to the establishment of schools for the educa- 
tion of the deaf in other countries. 

In the year 1800 we have the first attempt made to edu- 
cate an idiotic person. Ithard, the physician to the deaf and 
dumb institute, undertook to educate a so-called wild boy who 
had been found in the forest of Aevron in France. The ex- 
periment, thoug-h carried on for six years, was unsuccessful as 
to improvement of the patient, but it was a stimulus to an ad- 
vancement in the direction of the education of the idiotic; idi- 
ots having- heretofore been considered as the result of some re- 
lation to either God or the devil. 

As to music in the hypnotic state; it is a wide field for the 
therapeutist in which little study has been made. Of music 
alone, Drs. Bucknill and Tuke, in their work on psychological 
medicine say that music is the first recorded remedy for the 
relief of madness. In the asylums in France music is a regu- 
lar feature in the course of treatment. A few years ago some 
interesting experiments were conducted in one of the. New 
York City lunatic asylums, Randall's Island. Several of the 
patients, it was claimed, were greatly benefitted. Cases re- 
corded in the literature of psychiatr}' are not a few where the 
cure by music has bordered on the miraculous, but as to the 
treatment of idiocy music has never been carried to a terminal 
issue. 



•'^Read before Amer. Association of Phvs. and Surg-., Auditorium Hotel, June ?, 
1898, 2. Read before the Anier. Psvchol., Med. and Sur.ir. Soc. 



34 KEYES : THE FEEBLE MINDED AND IDIOTIC. 

The true idiot, as defined by Dr. Seguin. is an individual 
Mvho knows nothing-, can do nothing and wishes nothing-; and 
he adds that it is one of the characteristics of idiocy that it 
is constantly represented in an individual b}' one or more 
anomalies in the functions of the senses, viz : deprivation, 
imperfection, dullness or exaltation. 

Avers describes idiocy as embracing- every imaginable 
shade of mental phenomena between that state in which no 
ray of intelligence nor instinct is found, to that point in which 
it is difficult to tell whether the individual is governed by in- 
stinct or intelligence. Idiocy, imbecility and dementia are 
prominent characteristics of idiotic life. 

Brockett defines idiocy as the result of an infirmity of the 
body which prevents, to a more or less extent, the develop- 
ment of the ph^'sical and intellectual powers. 

Dr. Ireland, of Edinburg. defines idiocy to be a mental 
deficiency, depending upon malnutrition, or disease of the ner- 
vous centers occurring either before birth or before evolution 
of the mental faculties in childhood. 

The intelligence of the idiot. /. c, the brain of the idiot 
does not seem to vibrate and be in tune with its surroundings, 
Consequently impressions are not conve^-ed to the brain, either 
telepathically or objectively. There are often cases that are 
defective in sight and hearing; the hearing is imperfect not 
from disease of the internal organs but from the waves of 
sound being unable to excite sufficiently the nerves connected 
with the auditor}- apparatus, analogous is the sence of 
sight. 

Not onh' the brain but the entire system is sluggish and 
in a lower state of vibration as is seen by the weakened circu- 
lation, sometimes due to pathological conditions exhausting 
the s^-mpathetic system, sometimes only functional from im- 
proper development. 

There is often some sli<iht exhibition - )f intellitfence, the 



KEYES : THE FEEBLE MINDED AND IDIOTIC. 35 

laws by which it is united to a living- human world being- 
more effective. 

As idioc}' primarly is often due to a pathological or me- 
chanical cause we should search for and when such is found 
apply proper surg-ical treatment. Trephining- may and 
should be done in traumatic idiocy, epileptic idiocy, cong-en- 
itial idioc}', and in micro-cephalic idiocy. In hj^dro-cephalic 
idiocy the establishment of drainag-e from the arachnoid or 
tapping- should be performed. While in simple forms of 
idiocy, pharyng-eal and enlarg-ed tonsils, and conditions which 
often exist about the rectum as congential narrowing", and 
all abnormal conditions about,_the body should receive proper 
attention. 

Let us now suppose that we have corrected the anatomy 
of every part of the idiot's body, we have a patient whose 
mental faculties are simpl}- in a condition of lowered vibra- 
tion of development. By removing- the pathological abnor- 
malities we have simpl}- but the patient in a condition so that 
his bod}' may be trained or tuned to outside influences, and 
the education of the idiot and the task of developing to the 
utmost the abilities which are latent in him now demand our 
attention. He is a patient as well as a pupil. 

Suggestion so widely applicable in the treatment of all 
of the diseases to which the human family is heir to is of 
great importance here, even though the patient be in such a 
state of mental disorganization as to be unable to compre- 
hend the suggestion, even though a total idiot. The sug- 
gestions should be in tune or ke}' with the body or the 
vibration of the patient. 

The following illustrates the X^alue of simple suggestion: 
Mr. Richards who was engaged in the training of idiots for 
a number of years, and who has done much to alleviate the 
miseries of this class, being for a long time teacher in the 
Massachusetts State Asylum for idiots and later in a private 



36 KEYES : THE FEEBLE-MINDED AND IDIOTIC. 

school in Pennsylvania, said (N. Y. M. M. 1856. The causes 
and treatment of idiocy.): "Having- often noticed that an 
experienced nurse would endeavor to arrest the attention of a 
new born infant, not by showing- it some pretty to}^, but by 
talking- to it as if it were an intellig-ent being-. I took this 
for my g-uide and preparing- myself for a task, laid upon the 
floor an hour each day, reading- aloud to this imbecile boy as if 
he understood me perfectly. /TDhis practice was pursued for 
several weeks, till one day instead of lying on the floor, I 
sat in a chair. In a few moments I saw by his efforts to 
move, that he had missed me. As soon as I ag-ain placed 
myself by his side, he stopped fretting- and appeared to be 
pleased. Here then was a 'fulcrum on which to rest my 
lever'. At the next lesson instead of reading- aloud I read 
to myself. He noticed my silence and slowh' putting- his 
hand to my mouth, he attempted to open my lips. Upon 
reading- aloud ag-ain he expressed his pleasure by a smile. 
This practice of reading- and talking- was steadily persevered 
in for a number of weeks; during- which time I was enabled 
to g-ain his confidence little by little; and during- the four 
years which followed, he more than answered my hig-hest 
expectations, becoming- a marvel to his friends and those who 
had previously known him. At the end of that time he could 
read intellig-ently and walk and talk like other children." 

The above case was "a bo}' five and a half years of ag-e, 
who neither walked, crept or rolled over when placed on 
the floor. In whatever position he was laid he remained 
even for hours together. Mastication with him was out of 
the question." 

From the above case the usefulness of suggestion is 
shown and that its value could be increased if scientifically 
employed. 

As a means to promote the effect of the suggestion, to 
hold the attention and establish a sympathetic correspondence 
with the body, vibration and music from which there is mel- 



KEYES : THE FEEBLE MINDED AND IDIOTIC. 37 

ody as from the violin I have found to be of marvelous useful- 
ness. And while suo-u-estion and melody and vibration have 
such a wonderful effect upon the idiot who is still an idiot, a 
more wonderful and rapid effect is obtained when they have 
become sufficiently educated as to be placed in some deg^ree of 
hypnosis. Proper melodv holds the attention so that they are 
more easily broug-ht to this point, and enables us to tune our 
sug-^estions to the patient. 

Music and sug-g-estion seem to answer more purposes to 
better advantag-e than any other means. Xot only the moral 
and intellectual training- may be advanced but their physical 
organism which is usually a defective one may be strengfthened 
and its defects alleviated by the 'effects of the auto-massag-e pro- 
duced (the effects of music upon the hypnotised subject) and 
thus the proper amount of co-ordination in muscular efforts are 
remedied, such as is instanced in the defective voice, the 
muscles of the lips, tong-ue, throat and chest being generally 
more or less defective. Where the cerebrum is diseased, it in 
great part recovers its tone by being brought into healthy 
exercise, and attracts a greater supply of blood, so that music 
in the attentive state not only increases the growth of the 
body but also particularlv of the brain. 

The sense of hearing and that of sight, occupy the posi- 
tions of pre-eminence among all the other senses in the 
animal economy. Each lending the other mutual support, 
they are almost always in direct communication. The ear, 
and by this word I mean the entire system of hearing, is the 
medium through which we experience the keenest sensations 
and the liveliest emotions. The stimulation of the nerves of 
sensation enter consciousness as a determined quality. The 
bodil}^ impressions become a psychic state, or in other words 
the sensation becomes a feeling. 

The effects of music alone upon the lower animals is 
noticeable. The spider it is said is particularly fond of music, 



38 KKYES : THE FEEBLE :\IINDED AND IDIOTIC. 

and of whales and porpoises it has been written that they 
could not resist the effects of some music. The war horse, 
excited by martial music or the sound of the clarion, grows 
restive, r'uns and plunges furiously into the midst of the fray,. 
and the thickest of the fig-ht. It is commonh' known that 
dogs are keenly sensative to the sounds of certain instruments. 
Music makes some of them utter woeful cries. Gretry ob- 
serves that these animals howl, particular!}' when the discords 
are long sustained, but never if the melody is simple, or if 
the rythm is appropriate to the chase. 

When a bird is first having a lesson from a bird organ, 
you will observe that at the very first sound he opens his eyes, 
becomes very attentive, approaches the bars of the cage, and 
the gentle shaking of his wings, as well as the trembling of 
his body shows that he is affected by the sounds to which he 
is listening. If his lesson be prolonged for some time you 
will soon hear him warble some of the notes he has just 
heard. By many repetitions he will eventually be able to re- 
peat the air that you have played to him on the organ. 

Music on the normal human mind when in a state of more 
or less hypnosis produces variable results. Some music has 
special action on the intelligence and motor nerves. Other 
music influences the nerves of sensibility and the sentiments 
while again, some music acts all at once on the intelligence, 
and on the sentiment and on the motor and sensory nerves. 
Music completely occupies the attention, reinstates emotions 
of self-expansion of a finer intensity than those which could 
be created by any real activity in the modern reflective mind. 
The laborio.us sense of tension and restraint is gone and in its 
place there arises a sense of irresistible mental power. The 
perceptive and discriminative activities that labor in thought 
are engaged in following the forms of musical ideas. The 
idiot must be taught through his perceptive faculties, this 
may principally be done by strengthening their attention. 



KEYTS : THE FEEBLE MINDED AND IDIOTIC. 39 

Idiots have a turn for music quite disproportionate to 
Iheir other mental faculties, and not infrequentl}- those who 
cannot speak at all can hum tunes correctly, and it has been 
mentioned that we can discern the first traces of the musical 
faculty in those r3'thmical movements which are noticed in 
idiots of the lowest class, such as whistling- or emitting- 
uncouth sounds, rocking- their bodies, etc. B}^ nature man is 
a musician his emotions having- created him as such. 

In order that the music will attract and hold the atten- 
tion it must be in a key that will correspond with the vibra- 
tion and state of the brain of the patient. Unless, say, a meas- 
ured cadence begins with a powerful appeal to the brain in a 
key which accords with that in which the cerebrum is at that 
moment working, a negative result ensues. Its usefulness 
depends largely upon the power of the pitch element to fuU}^ 
engage the mental activity. 

In the education of the idiot the first tones should be of 
pleasure, happiness and affection. The tones of sorrow, grief, 
and remorse are heard later; for sadness and remorse presup- 
pose the development of moral faculties, of affectional emo- 
tions, of friendship, fidelity and/deyotion, in fact a relative 
civilization. Later as education advances religious training- 
and spiritual music should be instituted. 

During- this time much will have been accomplished by 
oral suggestion, the music serving to hold the attention, and 
it is to be assumed that from the commencement of the edu- 
cation and treatment that the patient has been placed in as 
g-ood hygienic position as possible, and that appropriate g-ym- 
nastic exercises in which the faculties of imitation and atten- 
tion are used have been applied, to call into activity the 
wasted muscles. Movements to music will be found useful for 
the purpose of precision and to correct the want of co-ordi- 
nating- power. The legs are trained by musical drill, by 
walking- upon or between the steps of a ladder placed upon 
the ground and by the use of apparatus found in ever}^ g"ym- 



40 KEYES : THE FEEBLE MINDED AND IDIOTIC. 

nasium. The power of co-ordination is also streng-thened by 
threading- beads, plaiting-, b}' the use of forms such as circles, 
squares, triangles and oblong-s made of wood and fitted inta 
corresponding- depressions, by using- boards in which nails are 
taken out and put back ag-ain. Habits are taug-ht b}^ repeti- 
tion. Idiots may be learned to walk by placing- them in a 
g-o-cart, or better, a bab}^ jumper and if the leg's refuse to bend 
and the feet to step they may be taught b}' making them 
encounter, with the regularity of a walk, a spring board 
which alternately receives and throws them back. The gait 
is regulated b}' the use of dumb bells, etc. The hands are 
taught to grasp b}' clasping them about the rounds of an 
inclined ladder and requiring them to support the weight of 
the bod}^, or b}- the use of the balancing pole, which is thrown 
back and forth between the child and the teacher. 

Idiots, as a rule, speak according to the amount of their 
intelligence; however, some with considerable power of atten- 
tion, observation, mental perception and memor}^ are quite 
dumb. The best way to teach them to speak is to cultivate 
their perceptive faculties and increase the growth and nutri- 
tion of the brain and other organs. This is best accom- 
plished through music and suggestion. As their mental fac- 
ulties improve words come. 

Great attention should be given to the development of 
the sense of touch, and the muscular sense, the}' should be 
taught to recognize objects not only b}" sight but also by 
touch and by the muscular sense. In fact as man}' of the 
senses as possible should be brought into action at the same 
time. As each organ progresses new avenues are opened by 
which ideas are brought to the mind. 

In the tubercular and syphilitic, constitutional treatment 
should be given. While the ext. of the thyroid gland has 
been found very valuable in some cases, particularly of cre- 
tinism. If contractures of the limbs are present, the result of 



KEYES: THE FEEBLE MINDED AND IDIOTIC. 41 

cerebral disease, " sug"gestion-massag'e,"' electricity, etc., 
should be applied. 

The idiot should never receive any form of punishment. 
Experience has proved conclusively that by this physiolog-ical 
training- idiots and those feeble in mind can be treated, edu- 
cated, trained, improved and cured. 



REFERENCES : 

The feeble minded. 

Anatom\- of the nervous system, with special reference to the brain and 
its functions as a g-uide to the nursing- and training- of the mentally 
feeble. Trained Nurse, N. Y. 1896-xvi. 
A fatal form of idiocj' g-enerally fatal, and associated with early blindness, 

N. Y. M. J. 1896. 
The hand book of idiocy, showing- the idiot's condition, the numerous 
causes of idiocy, and the most experienced methods of training- the 
idiot. 
The classification, training- and education of the feeble minded, imbe- 
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On the education and training- of the feeble in mind. 
A manual for the classification, training- and education of the feeble 

minded, imbecile and idiotic. 
A manual for the classification, training- and education of the feeble 

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Phila. 1860. 
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the legislature of Mass. Am. J. Insanity. 1851. 
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1873, 1854-74. 
Annual reports of certain imbecile asj'Iums. Surrey-. 

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KNICxHT. 
PEARCE. 



SACHS. 



ABBOTT. 



DAVIS. 



DOWN. 
DUNCAN. 



MILLARD. 



AYRES. 



DAVIS. 
DANS. 
DAVIS. 
DOWN. 



HOWE. 

RICHARDS. 

SEGUIN. 

THOMSON. 



BRODIE. 



SMITH. 
FORT. 



POWELL. 



42 KKYES : THE FEEBLE MIKDED AND IDIOTIC. 

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1889. 
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JONES. Limitation in the treatment of the idiot. Kansas City M. Index, 

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Care and training- of the feeble minded, being- a report of the eig-hth section of the 
Internat. Cong-ress of Correction of Charities and Philanthropy, 
Chicag-o, 1893. 
MOGRIDGE. Mental deficiency in children. Omaha Clinic. 1894-5. 
JONES. A plea for a homo for the care and training- of the feeble minded 

youth. Tr. M. Ass. Missouri. 1894, 
KNIGHT. The colony plan for all grades of feeble minded. Care feeble minded 

Internat. Cong-. Char, etc. Bait. & Lond. 1894. 
RODGERS. State care of the feeble minded. Ibid. 



HARTFORD. Music in illness. Lancet, Lond. 1891-11-43. 

SPENCER. The orig-in of music. Mind. Lond. 1890. 

WIMMER. The influence of music and its therapeutic value, N. Y. M. J. 1889. 

GILMAN. Report on an experimental test of musical expressiveness. A. M. J. 

Psvchol. Worcester, 1891-2. 
LEGGE. Music and the musical faculty in insanity. J. Ment. Sc. Lond. 1894. 
IRELAND. On affections of the musical facult.v in cerebral diseases. Ibid. 
MERZ. Music in medicine. Cincin. Lancet Clinic, XXIX-845. 
BLACKMAN. Music in medicine. Med. Mag. Lond. 1892-3. 
BLUMER. Music in its relation to the mind. Am. J. Insanity, 1891. 
ELSON. Curiosities of mnsic. 
Lectures on musical anal.vsis. 

CHOMET. Influence of music and health and disease. 
DONOVAN. Music and action. 
GURNEY. Power of music. 
AIRY. On sound and atmospheric vibrations. 
LECONTE. On the influence of musical sounds. 
McDonald, Sound and color, 
HAWEIS. Music and morals. 
MAINZER. Music and education. 
MERZ. Music and culture. 
WYLDE. Art training- in music. 
Music as an educator. 
Occult principles of music. 



THE TREATMENT FOR CANCER, 



By Pkofessok Thos. Bassett Keyes, M. D., of Chicag-o. 



Cancer causes more than four times as many deaths as 
t3'phoid fever ; but while medical officers of health devote so 
much attention in their reports of the latter they g-ive little 
attention to the former. The continuously prog-ressive 
increase in the cancer mortality has now been g"oing on for 
more than a century. 

Having- carefully reviewed the entire literature on the 
subject of cancer as listed in the catalogue of the Surg-eon 
General's office, and the Index Medicus in all some several 
hundred articles we found that the census of opinion is, as 
every one knows, that cancer can not be cured either by 
medical treatment or surg-ical operation, and as to whether 
cancer can best be treated by medical and local treatment, or 
by surgical operation has received a larg-e share of the physi- 
cian's attention, and here we have a division of opinion. 
Some claim that life is prolong-ed to a greater extent, and 
that better results are obtained by medical treatments and 
the employment of caustics and escharotics, and that the 
operative treatment shortens life. Others, the surg-eons, 
claim that operative treatment is a more certain palliative; 
that it relieves the patient to a g-reater extent, and for a 
long-er period of time, and that if an early operation is per- 
formed a permanent cure will sometimes result. Early oper- 
ation should be the watch-word of every ph3'sician. 

When cancer is left to itself, says Jackson, it requires 
about seventeen months to destroy life, if of the cervix of the 
uterus, and if of the body thirty-one months. Sims g-ives the 



44 KEYBS : THE TREATMENT FOR CANCER. 

averag-e duration at eig-hteen months. Pawlik states that 
according- to Lebert and West that the averag-e duration from 
the beg-inning- of the disease is sixteen or seventeen months. 

As to the treatment of uterine cancer, which is the most 
common, we have three methods, viz.: 1. Chemical or actual 
cauterization. 2nd. Amputation or excision of the diseased 
structure. 3d. Extirpation of the entire uterus, and as much 
of the surrounding- tissue and lymphatic g-lands as possible. 
Surg-ical technique has now so far advanced that the latter 
method is preferable and should be carried out in proper 
selected cases. In order to do this an early diag-nosis must be 
made. This I am aware is not always possible as the early 
life of cancer is insidious, usuall}^ unobservable and symp- 
tomless, and the disease has often become too far advanced 
before the physician is consulted, for the successful treat- 
ment by early excision, and even in early operation without 
the aid of sug-gestion results are discourag-ing-. Fritsch, one 
of our best operators, has g-iven us the final results of sixty cases 
of total extirpation for cancer of the uterus, and he has been 
honest enoug-h to tell us that at the end of three years he had 
only two patients alive. Ferrier has g-iven us the results of 
■eig-hteen operations of total extirpation of the uterus for 
cancer, and at the end of two years only four patients were 
alive. The statistics of this day are g-enerally in accord with 
these, thoug-h some are more encourag-ing as to the primary 
mortality — what of the remote results? But there is a cure 
— it is found in properly applied sug-g-estive treatment. 
After removal of the cancer we may prevent its return and 
promote health. 

Sug-g-estive hypnotism has been recommended as a cure 
for cancer by a number of observers. It has been recom- 
mended as a palliative by the more conservative, for by sug-- 
g-estion, thoug-h there is a number of recorded cases, we will 
seldom succeed in doing- more than relieve the many distress- 
ing- symptoms, particularly of the dig-estive and urinary sys- 



KEYES : THE TREATMENT FOR CANCER. 45 

"terns in cancer of the uterus, and to relieve the pain. In 
the proper state ot hypnosis certain music exercises certain 
effects upon the nervous organization, and this promotes the 
effect of sug-g-estion. 

As to the cause of cancer, study has only shown that it is 
a change of tissue, and it is a trite saying- that carcinoma is 
•simply a return to the fetal state. It is thus probably due 
more to failure of the tropic nerves and nutritive conditions 
than to anything- else. From the fact that disease is incom- 
patible with health, it naturally follows that where disease 
has taken possession of a structure there must previously 
•existed an enfeebled condition of the parts affected, i e.^ some 
irritation, which exhausts the g-ang-lionic system from supply- 
ing- the proper amount of nerve force. Cancer occurs usually 
in those organs which have passed out of usefulness, as of the 
uterus at menopause. 

When one observes the perfect auto-massage that is pro- 
duced in the hypnotized subject when certain music is played 
lie will readily appreciate how this will increase the activity 
of the nerves, tissues, etc., and thus the nutrition of the 
parts, and also the remarkable aid it lends to the suggestion. 
And this leads us back to Aesclebiades of Prussia, a man of 
great natural abilit3% who in the first century before Christ 
taught that the body was composed of atoms and corpuscles, 
and that health arose in consequence of harmony between the 
atoms and corpuscles, and that disease was a result of a lack 
•of harmony or discord. This is food for thought. With 
■suitable music parts of the body of the hypnotized patient are 
harmonized. Suggestions are made to the patient to tune 
himself to the music, to tune every part and organ to the 
music, and to follow the suggestions. 

This article is not, however, intended to depreciate the 
operative treatment. In all cases where the disease ,has not 
too far advanced, we recommend total extirpation of the part 
^th the surrounding glands. Suggestive treatment should 



46 KEYES : THE TREATMENT FOR CANCEK. 

then be carried out with a view of preventing: the return of 
the disease. B}^ sug-g-estion the wound from the operation 
may also be made to heal much better and firmer and in a 
much shorter time. 

Thus cancer can be cured, and it was with the idea that 
I first expressed my motto, as "Surg-ery then Hypnotism," in 
an article in the Char. Medical Journal, February, 1897, enti- 
tled "Surger}' then H3^pnotism Especially for Malig-nant 
Growths." - .. .. 



31^77-5 



